Biamonti 278 – Succession of Chords (Schm. XIV), about 1800

The musical examples and texts on this page are by Graziano Denini.

Biamonti 278 – Succession of Chords (Schm. XIV), circa 1800

This sketch appears in the notebook published by Arnold Schmitz, Beethoven – Unbekannte Skizzen und Entwürfe, Bonn, Beethoven-Haus, 1924.

This brief study for a succession of chords is preserved at the Beethoven-Haus, in a bifolio designated BH 144. More precisely, it is located at the beginning of staves 13–14, immediately following the Presto in G major (Biamonti 277) and preceding an Allegro in C major (Biamonti 279).

As with the surrounding fragments, this study was analysed by Arnold Schmitz, who writes:

“Eine rein akkordliche Wirkung stellt XIV dar.” (Sketch XIV represents a purely chordal effect.)

Analytical Notes: It is not entirely clear whether the top note in the second measure is an F or an E. Personally, given the note’s position—very close to the underlying D—I would lean toward E. However, considering the brevity of the fragment, I prefer to present both versions, leaving the decision to the listener.

  • The version with F—chosen by Schmitz—is certainly more interesting, with a sound that borders on the “Wagnerian”. Yet, it introduces the error of parallel fifths between the upper voices of the staves (B♭/F – A/E).
  • The version with E, on the other hand, is more traditional in its harmonic construction.

Arnold Schmitz – A Life in Musicology

Arnold Schmitz (11 July 1893 – 1 November 1980) was a distinguished German musicologist, renowned for his profound and lasting scholarship on Ludwig van Beethoven. Born in Le Sablon, near Metz, Schmitz pursued studies in musicology, history, and philosophy at the universities of Bonn, Munich, and Berlin. His mentors included prominent figures such as Friedlaender, Kroyer, Sandberger, Schiedermair, and Wolf. He earned his doctorate in 1919 from the University of Bonn with a dissertation on Robert Schumann’s early aesthetic views, and completed his habilitation there in 1921.

Schmitz held academic positions at the University of Bonn from 1921 to 1928, at Dortmund Conservatory from 1925 to 1929, and at the University of Breslau from 1929 to 1939. He then moved to Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, where he taught from 1947 to 1961, also serving twice as rector (1953–54 and 1960–61). Later, he taught at the University of Basel from 1947 to 1967. His scholarly output includes several landmark publications: Beethovens “zwei Prinzipe” (1923), Unbekannte Skizzen und Entwürfe (1924), a pioneering study of Beethoven’s lesser-known sketches, Das romantische Beethovenbild (1927), a critical examination of the Romantic image of Beethoven, and Die Bildlichkeit der wortgebundenen Musik Johann Sebastian Bachs (1950), which explores the visual dimension of Bach’s text-based music. In 1973, the Beethoven-Haus in Bonn named him an honorary member in recognition of his lifelong contributions to Beethoven research. Schmitz passed away in Mainz at the age of 87. His legacy endures through his meticulous scholarship and his influence on generations of musicologists.

His work Unbekannte Skizzen und Entwürfe is especially relevant to our article on Beethoven’s works for mandolin, as it includes an analysis of the Clam-Gallas manuscripts. You can explore this connection in our dedicated research feature: Beethoven’s Works for Mandolin and Piano – Research by the C.R.M.B.