Biamonti 319 – Finale – Presto for Piano Source: Kessler Sketchbook, pages 164–179 (Nottebohm, Ein Skizzenbuch von Beethoven, aus dem Jahre 1803

The musical examples and texts on this page are by Graziano Denini

Biamonti 319 – Finale – Presto for Piano

Source: Kessler Sketchbook, pages 164–179 (Nottebohm, Ein Skizzenbuch von Beethoven, aus dem Jahre 1803, Leipzig, Breitkopf & Härtel, 1880, page 32).

Finale – Presto. Nottebohm writes, without reproducing the music: “For a tempo that remains unknown, in 2/4 time, broadly treated, with free development of the theme and in the usual character of a Finale” (possibly referring to the Variations Opus 35?).

Update from our Music Research Center (January 2025): This “Finale Presto molto” is found in the Kessler Sketchbook, folio 83r, lines 7–8, on the pages where Beethoven is studying the Variations Op. 35, and it must be considered in relation to them.Beethoven had intended to compose approximately 30–35 variations on the theme from Prometheus; this Finale Presto molto may represent one of those attempts.

As Beethoven himself writes, the theme is taken: “from an allegorical ballet I composed: Prometheus, or Prometeo, as it is said in Italian, which should have been indicated on the title page.” [See the detailed study on the Variations Op. 35 available on our site.] Contrary to what Nottebohm wrote—and what Biamonti reported (“for a tempo that remains unknown, in 2/4 time, broadly treated, with free development of the theme”)—in my view, the fragment in question consists of only 4 measures.Indeed, the subsequent sketch—a cadence with a long arpeggio on the dominant seventh of E-flat major, concluding on the final motif of the variation—should be connected to another fragment found on folio 82v, lines 5–6. This fragment should therefore be considered the cadential opening for the concluding variation of the work.

Johann Kessler: Biographical Note

Johann Kessler (fl. early 19th century) was a Viennese amateur musician and close associate of Ludwig van Beethoven. Although little is known about his personal life, Kessler’s name has become permanently linked to Beethoven scholarship through his custodianship of one of the composer’s early sketchbooks. His role was not that of a collaborator in composition, but rather as a recipient and preserver of Beethoven’s manuscript materials. The sketchbook later named after him—Kessler Sketchbook—was likely acquired directly from Beethoven or through his circle, and it remained in private hands until its scholarly rediscovery in the 19th century. Kessler’s legacy thus rests not on musical output, but on his inadvertent contribution to the preservation of Beethoven’s creative process.

The Kessler Sketchbook: Description and Significance

The Kessler Sketchbook is a bound manuscript containing musical sketches by Ludwig van Beethoven, dating approximately from 1801 to 1802, a period of intense compositional activity. It is catalogued among Beethoven’s early “desk sketchbooks,” used for developing thematic material, structural ideas, and orchestration plans. The book comprises numerous folios filled with fragmentary ideas, including early drafts for symphonic movements, piano sonatas, and orchestral dances.

The sketchbook’s importance lies in its documentary value: it offers insight into Beethoven’s compositional method during the transitional phase between his early and middle periods. It also contains unused or abandoned material, shedding light on the composer’s decision-making and aesthetic priorities. The Kessler Sketchbook has been the subject of detailed analysis in modern scholarship, notably in The Beethoven Sketchbooks: History, Reconstruction, Inventory by Douglas Johnson, Alan Tyson, and Robert Winter.