WoO 99 Number 5 Giura il nocchier
Hess 227 – Song 20: Trio “Giura il nocchier”; for soprano, contralto and bass; in C major; 20 bars. [WoO 99, no. 5a.] For the source of the text see number 221 of the present catalogue (song 14). Composed around 1792–4. [Published by Hess in SBG, vol. I, 1959, p. 13.]
The text: “Giura il nocchier che al mare non presterà più fede, ma, se tranquillo vede il corre di nuovo al mar. Di non trattar più l’armi giura il guerrier talvolta, ma se una tromba ascolta, già non si può frenar.”
The text, like all those of these Italian songs, is by Metastasio and is taken from La Gelosia. On this song Beethoven developed 3 different versions: a trio and 2 quartets. Given the different numbering used by Hess and by Biamonti, we have divided the three versions into 3 different pages.
The trio appears in the Hess catalogue as Hess 227 and in the Biamonti catalogue with number 59. The manuscript is found in Berlin in the Staatsbibliothek, manuscript Artaria 166 page 43; its study occupies the entire page.
Not agreeing with any of the versions presented here, I wanted to try to decipher another version which coincides only partially with that of Hess and with the second by Ronge.
Interesting is the analysis made by W. Hess in the Appendix to volume 1 of the Supplements to the Gesamtausgabe:
Hess 227, bei Thayer nicht erwähnt. Komponiert nach Nottebohm zwischen Ende 1792 und Ende 1794. Autograph Artaria 166 Seite 43. Bisher ungedruckt.
Das Stellenweise kaum zu entziffernde Autograph [sein als Titelbild gegebenes Faksimile mag einen Begriff geben von den Schwierigkeiten, die bei der Entzifferung zu überwinden waren.] ist voll von Korrekturen und Irrtürmern in der Notierung. So steht zu Beginn vor der partie des Soprans ein Altschlüssel, obschon nur Sopranschlüssel gemeint sein kann. Der zweiten Stimme ist ebenfalls ein Altschlüssel vorgesetzt, doch gilt bis zur Mitte des zweiten Taktes Tenorschlüssel, von da an der Altschlüssel. Das dritte System hat keinen Schlüssel, hier muß man sich bis Mitte Takt 2 ebenfalls Tenorschlüssel denken, von hier ab Baßschlüssel. Da ab Mitte des zweiten Taktes also Sopran, – Alt und Baß angenommen werden. Im Auftakt zu Takt 3 (also zweite Hälfte von Takt 2) hat Beethoven in den beiden oberen Stimmen korrigiert. Während das e des Soprans eindeutig ist, scheint im Alt ein g durch die Terz e ersetzt. Da aber das g doch wohl besser ist, wurde es belassen. Der Sopran in Takt 5 lautete zuerst so (soweitg die Stelle überhaupt zu entziffern ist):
Doch muß das schon der Niederschrift der beiden anderen Stimmen verworfen worden sein. Takt 9 ist im Sopran vollkommen unleserlich, ein verweist auf eine Korrektur am unteren Rande des Blattes, und diese Fassung wird dieser Ausgabe zugrunde gelegt, obschon sich Bedenken im Hinblick auf den Alt ergeben. Diese unten als Zusatz angebrachte Korrektur ändert auch den Rhythmus von Takt 10 und 11, der ursprünglich so lautete:
Das gilt natürlich für alle drei Stimmen. In Takt 12 und 13 scheint im Sopran folgende Variante einkorrigiert:
Da aber die anderen beiden Stimmen nicht auch entsprechend geändert erscheinen, mußte die ursprüngliche, von Beethoven deutlich durchgestrichene Fassung stehen bleiben. Wahrscheinlich handelte es sich bei der Aenderung im Sopran nur um einen Versuch, der dann wieder aufgegeben wurde. Die zweite Hälfte des 13. Taktes kann im Baß nur mehr erraten werden. Der zweite Ton des Basses in Takt 16 stand zuerst eine Oktave höher.
(Hess 227, not mentioned by Thayer. Composed, according to Nottebohm, between the end of 1792 and the end of 1794. Autograph Artaria 166 page 43. Until now unpublished. The autograph, scarcely decipherable in places [its facsimile given as the title image may give an idea of the difficulties that had to be overcome in deciphering it], is full of corrections and errors in the notation. Thus, at the beginning, before the soprano part, there is an alto clef, although only a soprano clef can be meant. The second voice also has an alto clef, but up to the middle of the second bar a tenor clef applies, from then on the alto clef. The third system has no clef; here one must imagine a tenor clef up to the middle of bar 2, and from there a bass clef. Thus, from the middle of the second bar onward, soprano, alto and bass are assumed.
In the upbeat to bar 3 (that is, the second half of bar 2) Beethoven corrected the two upper voices. While the soprano’s E is clear, in the alto a G seems to have been replaced by the third E. But since the G is probably better, it was left. The soprano in bar 5 originally read as follows (as far as the passage can be deciphered at all): But this must already have been rejected when the other two voices were written. Bar 9 is completely illegible in the soprano; a sign refers to a correction at the bottom edge of the sheet, and this version is taken as the basis of this edition, although doubts arise with regard to the alto. This correction, added below as an addition, also changes the rhythm of bars 10 and 11, which originally read: This applies, of course, to all three voices. In bars 12 and 13 the following variant seems to have been inserted in the soprano: But since the other two voices do not appear to have been changed accordingly, the original version, clearly crossed out by Beethoven, had to remain. The change in the soprano was probably only an attempt, later abandoned. The second half of bar 13 in the bass can only be guessed. The second note of the bass in bar 16 originally stood an octave higher.
Perdono, amata Nice,
bella Nice, perdono. A torto, è vero,
dissi che infida sei:
detesto i miei sospetti, i dubbi miei.
Mai più della tua fede,
mai più non temerò. Per que’ bei labbri
lo giuro, o mio tesoro,
in cui del mio destin le leggi adoro.
Bei labbri, che Amore
formò per suo nido,
non ho più timore,
vi credo, mi fido:
giuraste d’amarmi;
mi basta così.
Se torno a lagnarmi
che Nice m’offenda,
per me più non splenda
la luce del dì.
Son reo, non mi difendo:
puniscimi, se vuoi. Pur qualche scusa
merita il mio timor. Tirsi t’adora;
io lo so, tu lo sai. Seco in disparte
ragionando ti trovo: al venir mio
tu vermiglia diventi,
ei pallido si fa; confusi entrambi
mendicate gli accenti; egli furtivo
ti guarda, e tu sorridi… Ah quel sorriso,
quel rossore improvviso
so che vuol dir! La prima volta appunto
ch’io d’amor ti parlai, così arrossisti
sorridesti così, Nice crudele.
Ed io mi lagno a torto?
E tu non mi tradisci? Infida! ingrata!
barbara!… Aimè! Giurai fidarmi, ed ecco
ritorno a dubitar. Pietà, mio bene,
son folle: in van giurai; ma pensa al fine
che amor mi rende insano,
che il primo non son io che giuri in vano.


