Biamonti 333 – Sketches, fragments, and various ideas, which some consider to have belonged to preparatory work for the Eroica Symphony, autumn 1802.

The musical examples and texts on this page are by Graziano Denini.

Biamonti 333 – Sketches, fragments, and various ideas, which some consider to have belonged to preparatory work for the “Eroica” Symphony, autumn 1802. They are found on page 44 (starting from the 3rd line) and page 45 of the Wielhorsky sketchbook. Fishman Nathaniel, pages 52 and 53. Ludwig Nohl at the time did not mention the Eroica, but believed it was some multi-movement instrumental composition (a quartet or symphony).

Fishman Nathaniel has recently returned to referencing the Eroica, proposing the hypothesis that these sketches and fragments may be related to the second and third movements. However, it must be acknowledged that there is a significant difference between these sketches and those contained in another sketchbook described by Nottebohm, in which themes and developments of all four movements of the symphony are clearly outlined.

Biamonti Draft 333a – Page 44, line 3

Biamonti Draft 333b – Page 44, line 6 (beginning)

Biamonti Draft 333c – Page 44, line 9 (beginning)

Biamonti Draft 333d – Page 44, line 9 (2nd half)

Biamonti Draft 333e – Page 44, line 10

News from the Beethoven Music Research Center (September 2025)

Biamonti writes that these “sketches, fragments, themes and various ideas,” possibly belonging to the preparatory studies for the Eroica Symphony which he references, are found on pages 44 and 45 of the Wielhorski Skizzenbuch. In fact, all five fragments cited by Biamonti are gathered exclusively on page 44.

Nathan Fishman, in his article “Das Skizzenbuch Beethovens aus den Jahren 1802–1803 aus dem Familien-Archiv Wielhorski und die ersten Skizzen zur ‘Eroica’”, writes:

“…and on page 44 you can find the very first sketch of the symphony’s first movement. Beethoven thereby confirms the origin of the principal theme of the Eroica’s first movement. Wagner and Serow ingeniously identified Beethoven’s thoughts without access to his sketches. But thanks to these sketches, we’ve had the opportunity to scientifically verify the truth of their discoveries.”

Sketches

Sketch a (Biamonti 333a)

In the second measure, the note is ambiguous between G and A-flat. In agreement with Fishman’s transcription, also cited by Biamonti, I have chosen to render it as G. In the second part of this sketch (measures 9–10), Fishman transcribes the F as a half note, but I believe it should be a quarter note, as should the following C, which is a quarter note and is followed by another quarter-note C. After this figure, there is a brief inscription in Beethoven’s hand, followed by a B-flat, also a quarter note. A rhythmic figure follows, leading into a theme in ¾ time.

Sketch b (Biamonti 333b)

Four measures in 6/8 time, marked Adagio.

Sketch c (Biamonti 333c)

A Minuetto serioso. Six measures in ¾ time. Above the staff, Beethoven writes in Italian: “cnt (continua?): louder. Always more voices.”

Sketch d (Biamonti 333d)

Four measures in E-flat major, in ¾ time. In this case, I strongly disagree with the transcription made by Fishman and, consequently, also by Biamonti regarding the second voice, which is identically repeated in the second measure. Fishman, in the final movement, indicates the notes [F♯ G B♭ G], whereas I believe they should be [E♭ F A♭ F]; first of all, the initial sixteenth note is clearly written on the bottom line in both the first and second measures, followed by an F without a sharp sign, and then an A♭.

Sketch e (Biamonti 333e)

Two groups of measures (8 + 6) in 6/8 time. Between the first and second group, there is the indication “et”; perhaps Beethoven intended “etc.” Both groups are based on the E-flat major chord.

Count Mikhail Vielgorsky (Michał Wielhorski, Михаил Юрьевич Виельгорский) (1788–1856) was a Russian officer and composer of Polish origin. He composed romances, symphonies, an opera, and was an amateur singer, violinist, and patron of the arts. He is considered a very influential figure in musical arts in Russia during the 19th century and held musical salons, eventually introducing the use of the string quartet in Russia. Together with his brother Matvey Vielgorsky, they were considered the “brothers of harmony” for their selfless and devoted patronage of musical art.

Vielgorsky was a friend of Ludwig van Beethoven and admirer of his music; the first performance of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony in Russia took place at Vielgorsky’s home in Saint Petersburg in 1836. That same year, Mikhail Glinka rehearsed parts of his new opera “Жизнь за царя” (Zhizn za tsarya), also at Vielgorsky’s home, accompanied by Prince Yusupov’s orchestra. In the 1830s and 1840s, as Richard Stites notes, Vielgorsky’s salon “hosted the most famous musical visitors of mid-century Russia: Liszt, Berlioz, the Schumanns, and Pauline Viardo”… Due to the presence of Gogol, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Lermontov, Odoevsky, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, and Bryullov, a contemporary nicknamed Vielgorsky’s house “a lively, multifaceted, and original academy of the arts.” Berlioz called it “a small ministry of fine arts.”

Vielgorsky presided over his salons with notable informality, wearing simple clothes and entertaining guests from various social classes with ease.

Vielgorsky was the son of Jerzy Wielhorski, son of Maciej Wielhorski (Matvey Valigorsky, 1794–1866), an amateur cellist who founded the Society of Music Lovers with Prince Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin (also a friend of Beethoven) in 1828.

Mikhail Vielgorsky’s special passion was music, and he was known to be an excellent performer and composer. And although he was an amateur, according to Schumann’s opinion he was “a brilliant amateur.” Robert also said that Vielgorsky was “the most ingenious amateur I have ever known.” Already during childhood, he showed exceptional musical abilities: he played the violin well and tried to compose. Vielgorsky received versatile musical training and studied music theory and harmony with the Spanish composer V. Martin y Soler, as well as composition with the German conductor and pianist Wilhelm Taubert. In 1804, when the whole family lived in Riga, Vielgorsky took part in the family’s musical production: the first violin part was played by his father, the viola – by himself, and the cello part – by his brother Matvey, another exceptional musician. Not limiting himself to the knowledge acquired, Vielgorsky continued his composition studies in Paris with Luigi Cherubini, a famous Italian composer and music theorist. Alongside his work as a composer, Vielgorsky was an actual privy councillor to Catherine II, or Catherine the Great.

Mikhail Vielgorsky  (or Michał Wielhorski, Михаил Юрьевич Виельгорский) (1788-1856)

Mikhail Vielgorsky Driven by a great interest in everything new, Vielgorsky met Ludwig van Beethoven in Vienna and was among the first eight listeners to perform his Symphony No. 6 “Pastoral” Opus 68. Throughout his life, he remained a fervent admirer of the German composer.

He was one of the first in Russia to master large sonata-symphonic forms, writing two symphonies (the first was performed in 1825 in Moscow), a string quartet, and two overtures. He composed variations for cello and orchestra, piano pieces, romances, vocal ensembles, as well as a series of choral works. Vielgorsky’s romances became very popular in Russia, and one of his romances (“The Lovers”) was promptly set to music by Mikhail Glinka.

Vielgorsky also wrote an opera, “The Gypsies,” based on a plot tied to events of the Patriotic War of 1812 (libretto by V. Zhukovsky and V. Sollogub).

Vielgorsky’s house became a sort of musical center. True connoisseurs of music gathered there, performing many compositions in world premieres. In Vielgorsky’s home, Franz Liszt played for the first time from the manuscript of Glinka’s “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” The poet Dmitry Venevitinov called Vielgorsky’s house “the academy of musical taste,” while the famous French composer Hector Berlioz, who visited Russia only twice, called the house “a small temple of the fine arts.”

Vielgorsky managed to bring together many musicians at his estate in Luizino, in the province of Kursk, far from the artistic life of the capital. All nine of Beethoven’s symphonies were performed at his estate during evening salons.

Vielgorsky greatly appreciated Glinka’s music and considered his opera “Ivan Susanin,” later more commonly known as “A Life for the Tsar,” a masterpiece. He supported many progressive Russian figures. In 1838, together with the poet Vladimir Zhukovsky, he organized a lottery, the proceeds of which went to the redemption of the serfs of the Ukrainian poet and politician Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko.

Mikhail Vielgorsky died on September 9, 1856, in Moscow. His son-in-law, Count V. Sollogub, gave an account of his gentle and unpretentious personality:

“Count Vielgorsky passed unnoticed in Russian life; even in the society in which he lived, he was appreciated only by a few. He did not seek fame, avoided conflict, but despite this—or perhaps precisely because of it—he was an extraordinary person: philosopher, critic, linguist, doctor, theologian, hermeticist, honorary member of all Masonic lodges, soul of all societies, family man, epicurean, courtier, dignitary, artist, musician, companion, judge—he was a living encyclopedia of the deepest knowledge, an example of the tenderest feelings and the most playful mind.”

He is buried in the Lazarevskoye Cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in Saint Petersburg.

Mikhail Vielgorsky knew Maria Sergeyevna Durnovo (Griboyedova), a skilled pianist and sister of the famous Russian writer Alexander Griboyedov. Maria recounted:

“Very often, the writer would come into his sister’s room. In the spring of 1823, while the famous comedy remained a secret to the public and most friends, Mikhail Vielgorsky stumbled upon several pages of poetry written by Alexander Griboyedov while assembling sheets of music at Maria Sergeyevna’s piano. Maria wanted to hide these pages, discovered accidentally, but it was too late. The news of the new comedy quickly spread through Moscow from the mouth of the well-known musician of the time.”

The poem was Woe from Wit, still considered a “classic” in Russia and other Russian-speaking countries.

Vielgorsky’s first wife was the maid of honor Catherine Biron (1793–1813), granddaughter of the last Duke of Courland. This marriage was facilitated by Empress Maria Feodorovna. The wedding took place in February 1812 in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace. This marriage strengthened Vielgorsky’s position at court.

In the memoirs of a contemporary, Ekaterina Biron is described as a sweet and naive girl who loved lace and dresses. After the wedding, the Vielgorskys moved to Moscow, and soon the Patriotic War began. Fleeing the enemy, they left for one of their estates. In January 1813, the Vielgorskys decided to return to Saint Petersburg. Catherine was pregnant. Their return passed through a burned and desolate Moscow. Upon reaching Moscow, the Vielgorskys settled in the house of Prince Golitsyn, where Catherine died in childbirth. A relative wrote of this tragedy:

The fate of poor Katisha can serve as a lesson for those who want to take advantage. Fearing to give birth far from Petersburg, that is, without medical help, she embarked on a journey that cost her life. The Vielgorskys set out on a very muddy road, so Katisha arrived in Ryazan completely exhausted. During the journey, she suffered the greatest torment… Even healthy men from Moscow complained of being completely worn out. Even the unfortunate Vielgorsky had a hard time. Somehow they reached Moscow, where the poor woman suffered for forty hours and finally gave birth to a daughter. The day after the birth, she fell into delirium… For six days she suffered and died without communion… It is a pity for Michel, especially because he attributes this tragedy to himself.”

In 1816, Mikhail Vielgorsky secretly married the elder sister of his first wife, Louise Biron (1791–1853), maid of honor to the Empress Maria. Such a marriage, according to church rules, was considered illegal. Because of this act, he fell into disgrace and was forced to leave for his estate in Luizino, in the province of Kursk. The Vielgorskys lived on this estate for several years. All their children were born there.