Biamonti 346 – Fuga Antique in C major
Biamonti 346 – Fuga Antique in C major. It is found in the Wielhorsky sketchbook, page 54, lines 1–5. Fishman Nathaniel, page 62; Nohl, Beethoven Leben und Werken, page 99. Early 1803. Fifteen bars with the entry of the four voices, etc., and eight bars marked “Schluss” (Ending).
News from the Beethoven Research Centre (November 2025):
It appears in the Wielhorsky notebook, page 54, lines 1–5, among the pages on which he was working on the duet for soprano, tenor and orchestra “Nei giorni tuoi felici”, WoO 93. Fishman Nathaniel, p. 62; Nohl, Beethoven: Leben und Werken, p. 99. Early 1803. Beethoven labels it “Fuga Antique” and immediately beneath writes “C dur”. Curiously, however, it opens with a descending scale beginning on A, prompting some to speculate that the fugue might in fact be in A minor; yet Beethoven clearly writes “C dur”. The epithet “Antique” might therefore refer to a non-tonal fugue, one to be developed in an Aeolian manner. Its closure (Schluss), however, is unambiguously in C major.
From this fugue, the Danish composer Lars A. Bisgaard in 2019 fashioned his Fugue Antique in A Minor, the second of his Three Fugues for Solo Piano: in A minor, yet imbued with a modern sensibility. Bisgaard manages to summon the atmosphere of Baroque and Classical fugues, but with a personal touch that renders them strikingly contemporary. The title Antique pays homage to tradition, yet the writing is anything but dusty: it is vivid, pulsing, and laden with emotional tension.
Count Mikhail Vielgorsky (Michał Wielhorski, Михаил Юрьевич Виельгорский) (1788–1856) was a Russian officer and composer of Polish origin. He composed romances, symphonies, an opera, and was an amateur singer, violinist, and patron of the arts. He is considered a very influential figure in musical arts in Russia during the 19th century and held musical salons, eventually introducing the use of the string quartet in Russia. Together with his brother Matvey Vielgorsky, they were considered the “brothers of harmony” for their selfless and devoted patronage of musical art.
Vielgorsky was a friend of Ludwig van Beethoven and admirer of his music; the first performance of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony in Russia took place at Vielgorsky’s home in Saint Petersburg in 1836. That same year, Mikhail Glinka rehearsed parts of his new opera “Жизнь за царя” (Zhizn za tsarya), also at Vielgorsky’s home, accompanied by Prince Yusupov’s orchestra. In the 1830s and 1840s, as Richard Stites notes, Vielgorsky’s salon “hosted the most famous musical visitors of mid-century Russia: Liszt, Berlioz, the Schumanns, and Pauline Viardo”… Due to the presence of Gogol, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky, Lermontov, Odoevsky, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, and Bryullov, a contemporary nicknamed Vielgorsky’s house “a lively, multifaceted, and original academy of the arts.” Berlioz called it “a small ministry of fine arts.”
Vielgorsky presided over his salons with notable informality, wearing simple clothes and entertaining guests from various social classes with ease.
Vielgorsky was the son of Jerzy Wielhorski, son of Maciej Wielhorski (Matvey Valigorsky, 1794–1866), an amateur cellist who founded the Society of Music Lovers with Prince Nikolai Borisovich Galitzin (also a friend of Beethoven) in 1828.
Mikhail Vielgorsky’s special passion was music, and he was known to be an excellent performer and composer. And although he was an amateur, according to Schumann’s opinion he was “a brilliant amateur.” Robert also said that Vielgorsky was “the most ingenious amateur I have ever known.” Already during childhood, he showed exceptional musical abilities: he played the violin well and tried to compose. Vielgorsky received versatile musical training and studied music theory and harmony with the Spanish composer V. Martin y Soler, as well as composition with the German conductor and pianist Wilhelm Taubert. In 1804, when the whole family lived in Riga, Vielgorsky took part in the family’s musical production: the first violin part was played by his father, the viola – by himself, and the cello part – by his brother Matvey, another exceptional musician. Not limiting himself to the knowledge acquired, Vielgorsky continued his composition studies in Paris with Luigi Cherubini, a famous Italian composer and music theorist. Alongside his work as a composer, Vielgorsky was an actual privy councillor to Catherine II, or Catherine the Great.
Mikhail Vielgorsky (or Michał Wielhorski, Михаил Юрьевич Виельгорский) (1788-1856)



